Information Issues in Real Estate

Author/s: Seow Eng Ong, Gerald R. Brown

Date Published: 1/01/2001

Published in: Volume 7 - 2001 Issue 1 (pages 61 - 74)

Abstract

Real estate has often been regarded as information inefficient due to its heterogeneity and diversity. While the academic literature has recognized the role of information in real estate, the application of game theory to information problems has been somewhat limited. In particular, we focus on adverse selection and moral hazard. Examples of such strategic uncertainty are provided to illustrate these issues and the potential solutions.

Download Full Article

Download the Full Article PDF

14445921.2001.11104095.pdf 14445921.2001.11104095.pdf (1MB)

Keywords

Adverse Selection - Game Theory - Information Asymmetry - Institutions - Moral Hazard - Strategic Uncertainty

References

  • Akerlof, G., (1970), “The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 89, 488 - 500.
  • Aumann, R. J., (1989), “Game Theory,” in J. Eatwell, M. Milgate and P. Newman (eds) Game Theory, W.W. Norton, New York
  • Bertrand, J., (1883), “Theorie Mathematique de la Richesse Sociale,” Journal des Savants, 499 - 508.
  • Binmore, K., (1992), Fun and Games. A Text on Game Theory, DC. Heath and Company.
  • Binmore, K. and Dasgupta, P. (eds), (1986), Economic Organization and Games, Basil Blackwell.
  • Binmore, K. and Dasgupta, P. (eds), (1987), The Economics of Bargaining, Basil Blackwell.
  • Cournot, A., (1838), Recherches sur les Principes Mathematique de la Theorie des Richesses. English version: Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth, edited by N. Bacon, New York, Macmillan, 1897.
  • Eggertsson, T., (1990), Economic Behavior and Institutions, New YorCambridge University Press.
  • Geltner, D., (1991), “Smoothing in Appraisal Based Returns,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 4, 327 - 345.
  • Geltner, D., (1993), “Estimating Real Estate’s Systematic Risk from Aggregate Level Appraisal-based Returns,” AREUEA Journal, 17(4), 463 - 481.
  • Gibbons, R., (1993), Game Theory for Applied Economists, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
  • Holmstrom, ?., (1979), “Moral Hazard and Observability,” Bell Journal of Economics, 10, 74 - 91.
  • Jarchow, S. ed. (1991), Graaskamp on Real Estate, Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.
  • Kreps, D. M., (1990), A Course in Microeconomic Theory, Harvester Wheatsheaf, New York.
  • Osborne, M. J., and A. Rubinstein, (1994), A Course in Game Theory, MIT Press, Massachusetts.
  • Ong, S. E., (1997), “Building Defects, Warranties and Project Financing,” Journal of Property Finance, 8(1), 35 - 51.
  • Ong, S. E., (1999), “Caveat Emptor: Adverse Selection in Buying Properties under Construction,” Property Management, 17(1), 49 - 64.
  • Pejovich, S., (199 8), Economic Analysis of Institutions and Systems, Boston: KJuwer Academic Publishers.
  • Quan, D. C. ? , (1994), “‘Real Estate Auctions: A Survey of Theory and Practice,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 9, 23 - 49.
  • Quan, D. C, and Quigley (1989)), “Inferring an Investment Return Series for Real Estate from Observations on Sales,” AREUEA Journal, 17(2), 218 - 230.
  • Quan, D. C, and Quigley, J. (1991) “Price Formation and the Appraisal Function in Real Estate Markets,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 4, (2), 127-146.
  • Rasmusen, E., (1994), Games and Information: An Introduction to Game Theory, second edition, Blackwell Publishers, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Razzi, E., (1995), “Buying a Home before it’s Built,” Kiplinger’s Personal Finance Magazine, August, 49(8), 77 - 79.
  • Simon, H, (1996) The Sciences of the Artificial, ??? Press, Cambridge.